[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.vesmont.cz\/plasty-vsude-kolem-nas\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.vesmont.cz\/plasty-vsude-kolem-nas\/","headline":"Plasty v\u0161ude kolem n\u00e1s","name":"Plasty v\u0161ude kolem n\u00e1s","description":"Je\u0161t\u011b zhruba p\u0159ed sto lety se ve v\u0161ech v\u00fdrobn\u00edch odv\u011btv\u00edch i v\u00a0dom\u00e1cnostech pou\u017e\u00edvaly p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed materi\u00e1ly. Dominovalo d\u0159evo a r\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy kov\u016f. S\u00a0p\u0159ib\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edmi v\u011bdeck\u00fdmi znalostmi se m\u011bnily zp\u016fsoby syntetizace polymer\u016f a z\u00a0plastu se stal nejlevn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed materi\u00e1l. Historie Vyu\u017eit\u00ed polymer\u016f nen\u00ed v\u00fdsadou 20. stolet\u00ed. Ji\u017e na\u0161i d\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edci je pou\u017e\u00edvali v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed form\u011b vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed se ve d\u0159ev\u011b … ","datePublished":"2025-03-04","dateModified":"2023-04-28","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.vesmont.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"vesmont.cz\n","url":"https:\/\/www.vesmont.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/75822ebcb33f26a58f54da5d813b950f2ea435f36540e293975e215a51d4a023?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/75822ebcb33f26a58f54da5d813b950f2ea435f36540e293975e215a51d4a023?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"vesmont.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.vesmont.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a307434_w1774_t1518701265.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.vesmont.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a307434_w1774_t1518701265.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.vesmont.cz\/plasty-vsude-kolem-nas\/","about":["Technika"],"wordCount":451,"articleBody":"Je\u0161t\u011b zhruba p\u0159ed sto lety se ve v\u0161ech v\u00fdrobn\u00edch odv\u011btv\u00edch i v\u00a0dom\u00e1cnostech pou\u017e\u00edvaly p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed materi\u00e1ly. Dominovalo d\u0159evo a r\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy kov\u016f. S\u00a0p\u0159ib\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edmi v\u011bdeck\u00fdmi znalostmi se m\u011bnily zp\u016fsoby syntetizace polymer\u016f a z\u00a0plastu se stal nejlevn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed materi\u00e1l.\tHistorieVyu\u017eit\u00ed polymer\u016f nen\u00ed v\u00fdsadou 20. stolet\u00ed. Ji\u017e na\u0161i d\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edci je pou\u017e\u00edvali v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed form\u011b vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed se ve d\u0159ev\u011b a v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch rostlin\u00e1ch. V\u011bdci se dlouho sna\u017eili tyto materi\u00e1ly napodobit, ale v\u00fdsledky se dostavily a\u017e ve druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b 19. stolet\u00ed, kdy vytvo\u0159il Alexander Parkers z\u00a0celul\u00f3zy um\u011blou hmotu pozd\u011bji nazvanou parkesin. O zhruba deset let pozd\u011bji, v\u00a0roce 1872, vyrobil Ameri\u010dan Wesley Hyatt sm\u011bs celul\u00f3zy a kafru, celuloid. Z\u00e1m\u011brem bylo nahradit slonovinu pro kule\u010dn\u00edkov\u00e9 koule. Materi\u00e1l to byl sice dob\u0159e tvarovateln\u00fd ale vysoce ho\u0159lav\u00fd.Jak u\u017e tomu ve v\u011bd\u011b b\u00fdv\u00e1, n\u00e1hoda je \u010dast\u00fdm tv\u016frce pokroku. Belgi\u010dan Leo Baekeland vytvo\u0159il v\u00a0roce 1909 prvn\u00ed komer\u010dn\u011b \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd plast bakelit, kdy\u017e sm\u00edchal fenol, formaldehyd a d\u0159ev\u011bnou mou\u010dku.\tPlastov\u00fd boomBakelit byl vhodn\u00fd i k\u00a0obarven\u00ed, a tak se stal symbolem designersk\u00e9ho sm\u011bru Art Deco. V\u00a0praxi na\u0161el vyu\u017eit\u00ed jako materi\u00e1l pro vyp\u00edna\u010de. Opravdov\u00fd boom ale nastal ve t\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fdch letech, kdy DuPontovy laborato\u0159e vyvinuly syntetick\u00fd kau\u010duk, je\u017e je zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako neopren. Pot\u00e9 tak\u00e9 nylon nahradil drah\u00e1 hedv\u00e1bn\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna.Po druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce se za\u010daly plasty vyu\u017e\u00edvat snad ve v\u0161ech odv\u011btv\u00edch. M\u00ednusem v\u0161ak za\u010dal b\u00fdt plastov\u00fd odpad. Tento syntetick\u00fd materi\u00e1l se nerozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 a ani se nevyr\u00e1b\u00ed z\u00a0obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f a tud\u00ed\u017e se z\u00a0velk\u00e9ho pomocn\u00edka stal velk\u00fd probl\u00e9m. Do\u010dasnou \u00falevou pro planetu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt recyklace plast\u016f, a proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 spr\u00e1vn\u011b t\u0159\u00eddit odpad.\tBioplasty a recyklaceZ\u00a0kuku\u0159i\u010dn\u00e9ho \u0161krobu a biomasy se daj\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159et kompostovateln\u00e9 plasty. Jejich vyu\u017eit\u00ed je praktick\u00e9, proto\u017ee obal lze jednodu\u0161e vyhodit na kompost, kde se p\u0159irozen\u011b rozlo\u017e\u00ed bez dopadu na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed.\u00a0 Sv\u011btov\u00fdm trendem je tak\u00e9 recyklace star\u00fdch skl\u00e1dek z\u00a0dob, kdy se je\u0161t\u011b plasty net\u0159\u00eddily. A v\u00a0neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b je v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpravn\u00e9 f\u00e1zi mnoho projekt\u016f, kter\u00e9 by m\u011bly odstranit z\u00a0oce\u00e1n\u016f tzv. \u201eplastov\u00e1 mo\u0159e\u201c.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4.2\/5 - (11 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Plasty v\u0161ude kolem n\u00e1s","item":"https:\/\/www.vesmont.cz\/plasty-vsude-kolem-nas\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]